Floriography: The Language of Flowers in the Victorian Era
The Victorian Era ushered in a time of proper etiquette among the upper class in England during Queen Victoria’s reign (1837-1901). Among the many rules and customs, there were expected behaviors that prohibited outright flirtations, questions, or conversations between others. Even though the use of flowers to convey messages had been used in Persia and the Middle East, it was during the Victorian Era that the tradition spread in England with the publication of flower dictionaries explaining the meaning of plants, flowers, and herbs. It soon became popular to use flowers to send secretive messages. Though often portrayed to relay positive messages of interest, affection, and love, flowers could also send a negative message and at times, the same flower could have opposite meanings depending on how it was arranged or delivered.
The Language of Flowers – Though flowers and other plants have held significance for centuries, during the Victoria Era flowers began to gain special meaning. Flowers quickly increased in popularity as a way to send subtle messages to others. It was during the Victorian Era that a large list of meanings was assigned to flowers and thelanguage of flowers came into being.
Floriography: The Language of Flowers – During the Victorian Era, flowers and plants were used to communicate during a time when expected conventions restricted conversations for a variety of reasons. Flowers allowed secretive messages to be sent. As the long list of flowers and their meanings grew, books containing the meanings of various plants and flowers (floriography dictionaries) were published.
Sensational Color of Roses – According to information here, the language of flowers dates back further than the Victorian Era. It is believed flowers were used as a means of communicating in Persia and the tradition spread to England where it became more widely used during the Victorian Era when open communication in some topics was forbidden or not thought seemingly to express in public or mixed company.
Interpreting the Language of Flowers –During the Victorian Era, floriography became commonly used to express secreted messages that Victorian etiquette deems unacceptable to share openly. The language of flowers involved more than the simple meaning given to a flower. It also referred to the combining, presenting, and even the receiving of flowers.
Victorian-Era Etiquette
Much of Victorian etiquette was dictated by who was around to observe the behaviors and manners of others. There was a clear distinction between upper class, middle-class, and the poor. Proper etiquette often limited communications based on people of another social status, of a different gender, or within social situations. Even within the same social class, many topics were taboo and it was impolite or downright rude to ask openly about relationships. Flirtations did take place, but often secretly and with attention to discretion. By today’s standards, much of Victorian etiquette seems overly complicated or foolish, when in fact; much of it was based on simple good manners. Some customs have been passed along and continued to be followed today such as men removing their hats when indoors, showing respect to women by opening doors for them or bringing a hostess gift to parties or when staying with someone. The gifts most exchanged during social engagements in the Victorian Era were flowers and careful consideration was given to be certain the flowers sent the message intended.
Etiquette of the Victorian Era - Etiquette of the Victorian Era demanded attention to subtleties and doing the proper thing depending on situation, circumstances, and the company of those around you. Among the many rules of conversation, it was often considered impolite to outright ask or imply something, especially if it may offend others. Here is a sampling of rules and guidelines considered proper etiquette at that time.
The Victorian Era: Etiquette – Though much is said about etiquette in the Victorian Era, it was largely a matter of concern for the upper class. Those of middle class were generally aware of expectations and did what they could to abide by expectations. However, for the common poor working class, there was no time to consult a set of rules when survival was the goal of the day. This site gives a glimpse into how Victorian Etiquette influenced conduct and shows how the use of floriography played a part in getting around rules pertaining to communication in a discrete manner.
1876 Victorian England Revisited – This site offers a unique glimpse into life during the Victoria area. From an overview of the period, to details of holiday traditions, and Victorian Etiquette, this site gives a good look at life in the Victorian Era.
Victoriana: Victorian Etiquette – Etiquette was a set of rules and expectations for all social occasions for both men and woman of proper upbringing. This magazine provides a look at etiquette in various situations from birth to death.
Marriage in the Victorian Era – During Victorian times, marriage was not so much a fairytale as it is portrayed in novels, etc. This website discusses the rules to follow and proper ettiquette of this modest era.
Floriography: History and Flower Dictionaries
Many plants, herbs, and flowers are used for medicinal purposes, thought to possess magical qualities, or the ability to bring good luck, or ward off evil. As the tradition of using flowers to express messages spread to England during the Victorian Era there were flower dictionaries available that were printed as far back as 1819. John Ingram's, Flora Symbolica was published during the height of the Victorian Era and included not only the meanings of one hundred flowers but stressed the etiquette in giving the correct flowers to present the message intended. It is interesting to note that though there were and remain several flower dictionaries in use, not all agree on the same meaning of a flower. Meanings were given based on myths, traditions, medical use and at times, simply the active imagination of the one writing the dictionary. There seem to be regional differences as well based on customs or preference. A good example is a yellow rose, which in most situations, is a symbol of friendship. However, in Texas where the yellow rose also happens to be the State flower, the yellow rose symbolizes passionate undying love. Today, much of the meanings associated with specific flowers have been forgotten, but most people associate a single red rose with true love, or an appropriately named forget-me-not as a flower sent when someone is missed or leaving for a time.
Victorian Rituals: The Language of Flowers – The earliest flower dictionary was written in 1819. Written in Paris, it was titled, Le Language de Fleursand. In 1879, an entire book written by Miss Corruthers of Inverness, which quickly became the guide to the meanings behind flowers throughout England and the United States.
Five Components of Victorian Floral Design –The Victorian Era (1837-1901) opened the door for recognizing floral design as a form of artistic expression. This was when tussie-mussies and nosegay bouquets were first introduced.
History of Flower Meanings – During the Victorian Era, several floral dictionaries were published to explain the secret language of flowers (floriography). It was common to relay meanings handed down from various myths, fables, or legends. When all else failed to provide an explanation, meanings were often fabricated to suit the occasion. Several different flowers therefore could have the same meaning and at times, the same flower could even have opposite meanings based on how it was presented or combined with other flowers.
Flower Meanings and Tussie-Mussies
Tussie-mussies were small handheld fragrant bouquets often wrapped in lace doilies. Most often, they were a combination of fragrant herbs; each had its own meaning and a single central flower. Great care was taken to combine the selection in such a way that its meaning was accurately expressed. Tussie-mussies were also known as nosegays. They were sometimes carried at nose level to block out some of the unpleasant odors common during the Victorian Era. Suitors presented tussie-mussies to their ladies and watched to see if they were held at heart level, which indicated happiness and acceptance. Tussie-mussies held pointing downward were a sign of rejection. Not only did a certain flower have significance, but colors also expressed variations in intent or emotions. Even today, a red rose is said to be an expression of passionate or true love, a pink rose is a sign of warm affection, white roses are associated with purity, and yellow roses with friendship. (Unless you are a passionate Texan!)
The Language of Flowers – This is a comprehensive listing of flowers and their meanings. As is often the case, there are conflicting or confusing meanings given to the same flower. Overall, this is a good source to search for the meaning of many flowers and plants by common or botanical names.
Flower Meanings – Flowers and their meanings have changed throughout the years as many of the original meanings were forgotten. Cultural differences and even regional areas influence the meaning of flowers. Today flowers are connected with birthdays or a State Flower rather than a lot of intricate meaning. Lists of flowers according to the birth month and state can be found on this page.
Tussie-Mussies: "Talking Bouquets" – Tussie-mussies are also called nose bouquets. Traditionally composed of fragrant herbs held tightly together in a circular design with a single flower in the center, they became a popular floral gift during Victorian times. The custom of sending subtle communications with flowers began to influence what flowers were chosen based on the intended message.
Tussie-Mussies – During the Victorian Era, flowers were combined to signify messages. Small tightly composed hand-held bouquets known as tussie-mussies or a nosegay was given as gifts and to acknowledge special occasions. The way a bouquet was held often indicated acceptance, acknowledgement, or approval. Though today’s bridal bouquets are generally larger than a nosegay, they are a modern example of a tussie-mussie.
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The Victorian Era ushered in a time of proper etiquette among the upper class in England during Queen Victoria’s reign (1837-1901). Among the many rules and customs, there were expected behaviors that prohibited outright flirtations, questions, or conversations between others. Even though the use of flowers to convey messages had been used in Persia and the Middle East, it was during the Victorian Era that the tradition spread in England with the publication of flower dictionaries explaining the meaning of plants, flowers, and herbs. It soon became popular to use flowers to send secretive messages. Though often portrayed to relay positive messages of interest, affection, and love, flowers could also send a negative message and at times, the same flower could have opposite meanings depending on how it was arranged or delivered.
The Language of Flowers – Though flowers and other plants have held significance for centuries, during the Victoria Era flowers began to gain special meaning. Flowers quickly increased in popularity as a way to send subtle messages to others. It was during the Victorian Era that a large list of meanings was assigned to flowers and thelanguage of flowers came into being.
Floriography: The Language of Flowers – During the Victorian Era, flowers and plants were used to communicate during a time when expected conventions restricted conversations for a variety of reasons. Flowers allowed secretive messages to be sent. As the long list of flowers and their meanings grew, books containing the meanings of various plants and flowers (floriography dictionaries) were published.
Sensational Color of Roses – According to information here, the language of flowers dates back further than the Victorian Era. It is believed flowers were used as a means of communicating in Persia and the tradition spread to England where it became more widely used during the Victorian Era when open communication in some topics was forbidden or not thought seemingly to express in public or mixed company.
Interpreting the Language of Flowers –During the Victorian Era, floriography became commonly used to express secreted messages that Victorian etiquette deems unacceptable to share openly. The language of flowers involved more than the simple meaning given to a flower. It also referred to the combining, presenting, and even the receiving of flowers.
Victorian-Era Etiquette
Much of Victorian etiquette was dictated by who was around to observe the behaviors and manners of others. There was a clear distinction between upper class, middle-class, and the poor. Proper etiquette often limited communications based on people of another social status, of a different gender, or within social situations. Even within the same social class, many topics were taboo and it was impolite or downright rude to ask openly about relationships. Flirtations did take place, but often secretly and with attention to discretion. By today’s standards, much of Victorian etiquette seems overly complicated or foolish, when in fact; much of it was based on simple good manners. Some customs have been passed along and continued to be followed today such as men removing their hats when indoors, showing respect to women by opening doors for them or bringing a hostess gift to parties or when staying with someone. The gifts most exchanged during social engagements in the Victorian Era were flowers and careful consideration was given to be certain the flowers sent the message intended.
Etiquette of the Victorian Era - Etiquette of the Victorian Era demanded attention to subtleties and doing the proper thing depending on situation, circumstances, and the company of those around you. Among the many rules of conversation, it was often considered impolite to outright ask or imply something, especially if it may offend others. Here is a sampling of rules and guidelines considered proper etiquette at that time.
The Victorian Era: Etiquette – Though much is said about etiquette in the Victorian Era, it was largely a matter of concern for the upper class. Those of middle class were generally aware of expectations and did what they could to abide by expectations. However, for the common poor working class, there was no time to consult a set of rules when survival was the goal of the day. This site gives a glimpse into how Victorian Etiquette influenced conduct and shows how the use of floriography played a part in getting around rules pertaining to communication in a discrete manner.
1876 Victorian England Revisited – This site offers a unique glimpse into life during the Victoria area. From an overview of the period, to details of holiday traditions, and Victorian Etiquette, this site gives a good look at life in the Victorian Era.
Victoriana: Victorian Etiquette – Etiquette was a set of rules and expectations for all social occasions for both men and woman of proper upbringing. This magazine provides a look at etiquette in various situations from birth to death.
Marriage in the Victorian Era – During Victorian times, marriage was not so much a fairytale as it is portrayed in novels, etc. This website discusses the rules to follow and proper ettiquette of this modest era.
Floriography: History and Flower Dictionaries
Many plants, herbs, and flowers are used for medicinal purposes, thought to possess magical qualities, or the ability to bring good luck, or ward off evil. As the tradition of using flowers to express messages spread to England during the Victorian Era there were flower dictionaries available that were printed as far back as 1819. John Ingram's, Flora Symbolica was published during the height of the Victorian Era and included not only the meanings of one hundred flowers but stressed the etiquette in giving the correct flowers to present the message intended. It is interesting to note that though there were and remain several flower dictionaries in use, not all agree on the same meaning of a flower. Meanings were given based on myths, traditions, medical use and at times, simply the active imagination of the one writing the dictionary. There seem to be regional differences as well based on customs or preference. A good example is a yellow rose, which in most situations, is a symbol of friendship. However, in Texas where the yellow rose also happens to be the State flower, the yellow rose symbolizes passionate undying love. Today, much of the meanings associated with specific flowers have been forgotten, but most people associate a single red rose with true love, or an appropriately named forget-me-not as a flower sent when someone is missed or leaving for a time.
Victorian Rituals: The Language of Flowers – The earliest flower dictionary was written in 1819. Written in Paris, it was titled, Le Language de Fleursand. In 1879, an entire book written by Miss Corruthers of Inverness, which quickly became the guide to the meanings behind flowers throughout England and the United States.
Five Components of Victorian Floral Design –The Victorian Era (1837-1901) opened the door for recognizing floral design as a form of artistic expression. This was when tussie-mussies and nosegay bouquets were first introduced.
History of Flower Meanings – During the Victorian Era, several floral dictionaries were published to explain the secret language of flowers (floriography). It was common to relay meanings handed down from various myths, fables, or legends. When all else failed to provide an explanation, meanings were often fabricated to suit the occasion. Several different flowers therefore could have the same meaning and at times, the same flower could even have opposite meanings based on how it was presented or combined with other flowers.
Flower Meanings and Tussie-Mussies
Tussie-mussies were small handheld fragrant bouquets often wrapped in lace doilies. Most often, they were a combination of fragrant herbs; each had its own meaning and a single central flower. Great care was taken to combine the selection in such a way that its meaning was accurately expressed. Tussie-mussies were also known as nosegays. They were sometimes carried at nose level to block out some of the unpleasant odors common during the Victorian Era. Suitors presented tussie-mussies to their ladies and watched to see if they were held at heart level, which indicated happiness and acceptance. Tussie-mussies held pointing downward were a sign of rejection. Not only did a certain flower have significance, but colors also expressed variations in intent or emotions. Even today, a red rose is said to be an expression of passionate or true love, a pink rose is a sign of warm affection, white roses are associated with purity, and yellow roses with friendship. (Unless you are a passionate Texan!)
The Language of Flowers – This is a comprehensive listing of flowers and their meanings. As is often the case, there are conflicting or confusing meanings given to the same flower. Overall, this is a good source to search for the meaning of many flowers and plants by common or botanical names.
Flower Meanings – Flowers and their meanings have changed throughout the years as many of the original meanings were forgotten. Cultural differences and even regional areas influence the meaning of flowers. Today flowers are connected with birthdays or a State Flower rather than a lot of intricate meaning. Lists of flowers according to the birth month and state can be found on this page.
Tussie-Mussies: "Talking Bouquets" – Tussie-mussies are also called nose bouquets. Traditionally composed of fragrant herbs held tightly together in a circular design with a single flower in the center, they became a popular floral gift during Victorian times. The custom of sending subtle communications with flowers began to influence what flowers were chosen based on the intended message.
Tussie-Mussies – During the Victorian Era, flowers were combined to signify messages. Small tightly composed hand-held bouquets known as tussie-mussies or a nosegay was given as gifts and to acknowledge special occasions. The way a bouquet was held often indicated acceptance, acknowledgement, or approval. Though today’s bridal bouquets are generally larger than a nosegay, they are a modern example of a tussie-mussie.
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In 1718 the wife of the British ambassador to Constantinople, Lady Mary Wortley, wrote a letter expounding on the “Secret Language of Flowers” that she had discovered during her visits to Turkey. Europeans quickly picked up on the concept.
In 1819 Louise Cortambert, under the pen name, Madame Charlotte de la Tour, wrote and published what seems to have been the first dictionary of the flower language entitled, Le Language des Fleurs. It was a small book, but it became a popular reference on the subject.
During the Victorian era, the meaning and language of flowers became increasingly popular. Victorian women especially picked up the silent language that allowed them to communicate feelings and meanings that the strict propriety of the times would not allow.
In 1884 a whole book on the subject and entitled, The Language of Flowers, by Jean Marsh and illustrated by Kate Greenaway, was published in London. It became popular and respected and has been the standard source for Victorian flower meanings. But you had to be careful, as so many new floral dictionaries were published, that your loved one had the same dictionary, or huge miscommunications could ensue! William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, and many others, all used the language of flowers in their writings.
Here are some selected flowers and their meanings: a short dictionary.
Almond flowers — Hope
Anemone — Forsaken
Aster — Symbol of love
Balm — Sympathy
Basil — Best wishes
Bay leaf — “I change but in death”
Bell flower, white — Gratitude
Bergamot — Irresistible
Bluebell — Constancy
Borage — Courage
Broom — Humility
Campanula — Gratitude
Carnation, pink — I’ll never forget you
China rose — Beauty always new
Clover, four leaved — “Be mine”
Coreopsis — Love at first sight
Daffodil — Regard
Daisy — Innocence, new-born, “I share your sentiment”
Fennel — Flattery
Fern — Sincerity
Forget-Me-Not — True love
French Marigold — Jealousy
Gardenia — Ecstasy
Gentian — Loveliness
Geranium — “You are childish”
Hare bell — Grief
Honeysuckle — Bonds of love
Heather — Admiration
Hyacinth — I am sorry, Please forgive me
Ivy — Fidelity, friendship, marriage
Jasmine — Grace
Jonquil — “I hope for return of affection”
Lavender — Luck, devotion
Lemon Balm — Sympathy
Lilac — First love
Lily — Purity, modesty
Lily of the Valley — Purity, the return of happiness
Lily, Calla — Magnificent Beauty
Marigold — Health, grief or despair
Marjoram — Kindness, courtesy
Myrtle — Fidelity
Oregano — Joy
Orchid — Love, beauty, refinement
Pansy — Loving thoughts
Peony — Good health, happiness
Periwinkle — Happy memory
Phlox — Agreement
Poppy, red — Consolation
Primrose — I can’t live without you
Rose, cabbage — Ambassador of love
Rose, red — Love
Rose, pink — Grace, beauty
Rose, yellow — Friendship
Rosemary — Remembrance, constancy
Sage — Gratitude, domestic virtue
Snowdrop — Hope
Star of Bethlehem — Purity
Sweet Pea — Departure, tender memory
Sweet William — Gallantry
Tuberose — Voluptuousness
Tulip, red — My perfect lover, Reclamation of love
Violet — Loyalty, modesty, humility
Violet, blue — Faithfulness
Wormwood — Grief
Wheat — Riches of the continuation of life
Willow, weeping — Mourning
Wallflower — Fidelity
Yew — Sorrow
The Rose
The Rose is the flower whose meaning we most understand, but here are some details of the meaning of the Rose that may be of further interest.
Rose, Black – You are my obsession
Rose, Champagne – You are tender and loving
Rose, Leonidas – Sweet love
Rose, Nicole – You are graceful and elegant, aristocratic
Rose, Orange – You are my secret love
Rose, Pink – Brilliant complexion; the glow of your smile; perfect happiness
Rose, Red – Passionate love; I love you
Rose, Single Stems – Simplicity
Rose, White – I am worthy of you; spiritual love; Innocence and Purity; Secrecy and Silence, Eternal Love
Rose, White and Red – We are inseparable
Rose, White and Red Mixed – Unity; Flower emblem of England
Rose, White, Dried – Death is preferable to loss of virtue
Rose, Yellow – Friendship; Jealousy; I am not worthy
Rose, Bridal – Happy Love
Rose, Dark Crimson – Mourning
Rose, Hibiscus – Delicate beauty
Rose, Tea – I’ll remember always
Rose, Thornless – Love at first sight
Roses, Bouquet of Mature Blooms – Gratitude
Multiple Roses
Single bloom red Rose – Love at first sight or I still love you
Single Rose, any color – Gratitude or simplicity
2 Roses – Mutual feelings
3 Roses – I love you
7 Roses – I’m infatuated with you
9 Roses – We’ll be together forever
10 Roses – You are perfect
11 Roses – You are my treasured one
12 Roses – Be mine
13 Roses – Friends forever
15 Roses – I’m truly sorry
20 Roses – I’m truly sincere towards you
21 Roses – I’m dedicated to you
24 Roses – Forever yours
25 Roses – Congratulations
50 Roses – Unconditional love
99 Roses – I will love you all the days of my life
108 Roses – Will you marry me?
999 Roses – I love you till the end of time
As every flower lover knows, flowers have a language of their own. Every sentiment is expressed in one form or another by these fragile blooms, and as a leading psychologist states . . . . "Flowers are a perfect replica of human life" . . . . planting . . . growth . . . . bloom . . . . withering
This is one version of the meaning of flowers, there are many different versions from several countries some with completely different meanings. This one is fairly comprehensive and one that is commonly used in North America.
Several flowers listed below are not normally available in North American flower shops and others are very seasonal. Even flowers that are listed as Year round may not be available on any given day! Please don't expect that any given florist has these flowers in stock.
availability - Year round
availability - Seasonal (Spring) (Summer) (Fall) (Winter)
availability - Scarce
availability - Not Normally Available in Flower Shops
availability - Seasonal (Spring) (Summer) (Fall) (Winter)
availability - Scarce
availability - Not Normally Available in Flower Shops
- ACACIA BLOSSOM - Concealed Love; Beauty in Retirement; Chaste Love
- ACORN - Nordic Symbol of Life and immortality
- AMBROSIA - Your Love is Reciprocated
- AMARYLLIS - Pride; Pastoral Poetry
- ANEMONE - Forsaken
- ARBUTUS- Thee Only Do I Love
- ASTER - Symbol of Love: Daintiness
- AZALEA - Take Care of Yourself for Me; Temperance; Fragile Passion; Chinese Symbol of Womanhood
- BACHELOR BUTTON - Single Blessedness
- BEGONIA - Beware
- BELLS OF IRELAND - Good Luck
- BITTERSWEET - Truth
- BLUEBELL - Humility
- BOUQUET OF WITHERED FLOWERS Rejected Love
- CACTUS - Endurance
- CAMELLIA Admiration; Perfection; Good Luck, Gift to a Man
- CAMELLIA Pink - Longing for You
- CAMELLIA Red - You're a Flame in My Heart
- CAMELLIA White - You're Adorable
- CANDY TUFT - Indifference
- CARNATION General - Fascination; Divine Love
- CARNATION Pink - I'll Never Forget You CARNATION, Purple - Capriciousness
- CARNATION Red - My Heart Aches for You; Admiration
- CARNATION Solid Colour - Yes
- CARNATION Striped - No; Refusal; Sorry I Can't Be with You: Wish l Could Be with You
- CARNATION White - Sweet and Lovely; Innocence; Pure Love; Woman's Good Luck Gift
- CARNATION Yellow - You Have Disappointed Me; Rejection
- CATTAIL - Peace; Prosperity
- CHRYSANTHEMUM General - You're A Wonderful Friend; Cheerfulness and Rest
- CHRYSANTHEMUM Red - I Love
- CHRYSANTHEMUM White - Truth
- CHRYSANTHEMUM Yellow - Slighted Love
- COREOPSIS - Always Cheerful
- CROCUS - Cheerfulness
- CYCLAMEN - Resignation and Good-bye
- DAFFODIL - Regard; Unrequited Love; You're the Only One; The Sun is Always Shining When I'm with You
- DAISY - Innocence; Loyal Love; I'll Never Tell; Purity
- DANDELION - Faithfulness; Happiness
- DEAD LEAVES - Sadness
- FERN - Magic; Fascination; Confidence and Shelter
- FERN Maidenhair - Secret Bond of Love
- FIR - Time
- FLAX - Domestic Symbol
- FORGET-ME-NOT- True Love; Memories
- FORSYTHIA - Anticipation
- GARDENIA - You're Lovely: Secret Love
- GARLIC - Courage; Strength
- GERANIUM -"Stupidity; Folly
- GLADIOLUS - Give Me a Break . . . I'm Really Sincere; Flower of the Gladiators
- GLOXINIA - Love at First Sight
- GRASS - Submission
- HEATHER Lavender - Admiration; Solitude
- HEATHER White - Protection; Wishes will Come True
- HOLLY - Defense; Domestic Happiness
- HYACINTH General - Games and Sports; Rashness: Flower Dedicated to Apollo
- HYACINTH Blue - Constancy
- HYACINTH Purple - I Am Sorry; Please Forgive Me: Sorrow
- HYACINTH Red or Pink - Play
- HYACINTH White- Loveliness; I'll Pray for You
- HYACINTH Yellow - Jealousy
- HYDRANGEA - Thank You for Understanding; Frigidity; Heartlessness
- IRIS - Fleur-de-Lis, Emblem of France: Your Friendship Means So Much to Me; Faith; Hope; Wisdom and Valour; My Compliments
- IVY - Wedded Love; Fidelity; Friendship; Affection
- IVY SPRIG OF WHITE TENDRILS -Anxious to Please; Affection
- JONQUIL - Love Me; Affection Returned; Desire; Sympathy; Desire for Affection Returned
- LARKSPUR Pink - Fickleness
- LILY Calla - Beauty
- LILY Day - Coquetry; Chinese Emblem for Mothers
- LILY Eucharis - Maiden Charms
- LILY Orange - Hatred
- LILY Tiger - Wealth; Pride
- LILY White - Virginity; Purity; Majesty; It's Heavenly to Be with You
- LILY Yellow - I'm Walking on Air; False and Gay
- LILY-0F-THE-VALLEY - Sweetness; Tears of the Virgin Mary; Return to Happiness; Humility; You've Made My Life Complete
- MAGNOLIA - Nobility
- MARIGOLD - Cruelty: Grief Jealousy
- MISTLETOE - Kiss me; Affection; To Surmount Difficulties; Sacred Plant of India; Magic Plant of the Druids
- MONKSHOOD - Beware; A Deadly Foe is Near
- MOSS - Maternal Love; Charity
- MYRTLE - Love; Hebrew Emblem of Marriage
- NARCISSUS - Egotism; Formality; Stay as Sweet as You Are
- NASTURTIUM - Conquest; Victory in Battle
- NUTS - Stupidity
- OLEANDER - Caution
- ORANGE BLOSSOM - Innocence; Eternal Love; Marriage and Fruitfulness
- ORANGE MOCK - Deceit
- ORCHID - Love; Beauty; Refinement; Beautiful Lady; Chinese Symbol for Many Children
- ORCHID Cattleya - Mature Charm
- PALM LEAVES - Victory and Success
- PEONY - Shame; Gay Life; Happy Marriage
- PETUNIA - Resentment; Anger; Your Presence Soothes me
- PINE - Hope; Pity
- POPPY General - Eternal Sleep; Oblivion; Imagination
- POPPY Red - Pleasure
- POPPY White - Consolation
- POPPY Yellow - Wealth; Success
- PRIMROSE - I Can't Live Without You
- PRIMROSE - Evening - Inconstancy
- ROSE Bridal - Happy Love
- ROSE Christmas - Tranquilize My Anxiety; Anxiety
- ROSE Coral - Desire
- ROSE Damask - Persian Ambassador of Love
- ROSE Dark Crimson - Mourning
- ROSE Dark Pink - Thankfulness
- ROSE Lavender - Enchantment
- ROSE LEAF - You May Hope
- ROSE Orange - Fascination
- ROSE Pale Peach - Modesty
- ROSE Pale Pink - Grace, Joy
- ROSE Red - Love, Respect
- ROSE Single Full Bloom - I Love You; I Still Love You
- ROSE Tea - I'll Remember; Always
- ROSE Thorn less - Love at First Sight
- ROSE White - Innocence and Secrecy
- ROSE White and Red Together - Unity White on Red Together - Flower Emblem of England
- ROSE Yellow - Joy, Friendship
- ROSEBUD - Beauty and Youth; A Heart Innocent of Love
- ROSEBUD Moss - Confessions of Love
- ROSEBUD Red - Pure and Lovely
- ROSEBUD White - Girlhood
- ROSES Bouquet of Full Bloom - Gratitude
- ROSES Garland or Crown of - Reward of Merit; Crown Symbol of Superior Merit
- ROSES Musk Cluster - Charming
- SMILAX - Loveliness
- SNAPDRAGON - Deception; Gracious Lady
- SPIDER FLOWER - Elope with Me
- STEPHANOTIS - Happiness in Marriage; Desire to Travel
- STOCK - Bonds of Affection; Promptness; You'll Always Be Beautiful to Me
- SWEET PEA - Good-bye; Departure; Blissful Pleasure; Thank You for a Lovely Time
- TULIP General - Perfect Lover; Fame; Flower Emblem of Holland
- TULIP Red - Believe Me; Declaration of Love
- TULIP Variegated - Beautiful Eyes
- TULIP Yellow - There's Sunshine in Your Smile
- VIOLET- Modesty
- VIOLET Blue - Watchfulness; Faithfulness; I'll Always Be True
- VIOLET White - Let's Take a Chance on Happiness
- VISCARIA -Will You Dance with Me?
- ZINNIA Magenta - Lasting Affection
- ZINNIA Mixed - Thinking (or in Memory) of an Absent Friend
- ZINNIA Scarlet - Constancy
- ZINNIA White - Goodness
- ZINNIA Yellow - Daily RemembranceAcacia
Concealed Love, Beauty in Retirement, Chaste Love, Plantonic Love Absinth - Wormwood
Torment of Love, Separation Agapanthis
Immortality Alstroemeria
Devotion, Wealth, Prosperity, Fortune, Aspiring, Also known as Lily of Peru Amaryllis
Pride, Pastoral Poetry, Dramatic Ambrosia
The Love Given is Reciprocated Anemone
Forsaken, Refusal, Abandonment, Sincerity Apple Blossom
Better things to come, Symbol of Perpetual Concord, Temptation Arbutus
I Love Only Thee Aster
Symbol of Love, Daintiness, Contentment, Unpredictability Azalea
Temperance, Fragile Passion, Chinese Symbol of Womanhood, Abundance Baby's Breath
Pure heart, Happiness, Festivity Bachelor Button
Single Blessedness, Delicacy, Anticipation Bamboo
Strength, Loyalty Begonia
Beware I am fanciful, Deep Thoughts Bell Of Ireland
Good Luck Bittersweet
Truth Bluebell
Humility, Constancy, Delicacy Cactus-Saguaro Blossom
Endurance, Bravery Caladium Leaves
Great joy, delight Camellia
Graciousness, Steadfastness, Excellence, Good luck gift for a man Carnation
Fascination, Woman Love, Pure Love Cattail
Peace, Prosperity Chrysanthemum
A Wonderful Friend, Cheerfulness, Rest Columbine
Folly, Foolishness Crocus
Cheerfulness, gladness, Foresight Cyclamen
Resignation, Good-bye Daffodil
Unrequited Love, Your The Only One, Chivalry, Regard Dahlia
Good Taste, Pomp Daisy
Innocence, Loyal Love, I'll Never Tell, Purity, Innocence Delphinium
Boldness, Presumption, Courage Fern
Magic, Fascination, Confidence, Shelter, Sincerity Fir
Time, Evaluation Flax
Domestic Symbol Forget me not
True Love, Good Memories, Faithful, Remember Me Forever Forsynthia
Anticipation frangipani
Shelter, Protection Freesia
Trust, Spirited Gardenia
You're Lovely, Secret Love, Joy Geranium
Stupidity, Folly, Comfort Gladiolus
Flower of the Gladiators, Sincererity, Strength Of Character Gloxinia
Love at First Sight Heather
Admiration, Solitude Holly
Defence, Domestic Happiness, Foresight, Strength Honeysuckle
Happiness, Sweetness Hyacinth
Games and Sports, Rashness Hydrangea
Frigidity, Heartlessness, Vanity, Thank You for Understanding Iris
Warmth of affection, Faith, Valor, Wisdom, Inspiration Jasmine
Amiability, Cheerfulness, Grace, elegance Jonquil
Love Me, Desire, Violent Sympathy, Desire for Affection Returned Larkspur
Infidelity, Fickleness, Open Heart, Beautiful Spirit Lily-Calla
Majestic Beauty, Regal Lily-Day
Coquetry, Chinese Emblem for Mother Lily-Eucharis
Maiden Charms Lily of the Valley
Sweetness, Tears of the Virgin Mary, Return to Happiness, Humility, beauty, gaiety Lily-Tiger
Wealth, Pride Lily-White
Virginity, Purity, Majesty, It's Heavenly to be with You Lily-Yellow
I'm Walking on Air, False and Gay Lotus
Mystery, Truth Magnolia
Perseverance, Nobility, Dignity, Splendid Beauty Maiderhair
Discretion Marigold
Cruelty, Grief, Jealousy, Sacred Affection Marjoram
Comfort, Consolation Mimosa
Sensitivity Mistletoe
Kiss me, Affection, Love, Sacred Plant of India Monkshood
Beware, A Deadly Foe is Near Moss
Maternal Love, Charity Myrtle
Love, Mirth, Joy, Hebrew Emblem of Marriage Narcissus
Egotism, Self, Formality, Stay as Sweet as You Are Nasturtium
Conquest, Patriotism, Victory in Battle Orange Blossom
Your Purity Equals Your Loveliness, Innocence, Eternal Love Orange Mock
Deceit Orchid
Love, Beauty, Refinement, Beautiful Lady, Chinese Symbol for Many Children, Charm Orchid Cattleya
Mature Charm Orleander
Beauty, Grace Palm Leaves
Victory, Success, Triumph Peony
Healing, Happy Life, Happy Marriage Petunia
Resentment, Anger, Your Presence Sooths Me Pine
Hope, Pity Poppy
Eternal Sleep, Oblivion, Imagination, Dreaminess Primrose
I Can't Live Without You, Young Love Primrose Evening
Inconstancy Rose-Leaf
You May Hope Rose-Pink
Perfect Happiness, Please Believe Me Rose-Red
Love, I Love You Rose-Tea
I'll Remember Always Rose-Thornless
Love at First Sight Rose-White
Innocence, Purity, I am Worthy of You, You're Heavenly Rose-Yellow
Decrease of Love, Jealousy, Try to Care Rosebud
Beauty, Youth, A Heart Innocent of Love Snapdragon
Gracious Lady, Presumption, Deception Spider
Elope with Me Stephanotis
Happiness in Marriage, Desire to Travel, Good Luck Stock
Bonds of Affection, You'll Always Be Beautiful to Me, Promptness Sunflower
Pride, Sunshine, Devotion Sweetpea
Good-bye, Departure, Blissful Pleasure, Thank You for a Lovely Time Tulip
Love, Symbol of the Perfect Lover Violet
Modesty, Faithfulness, Simplicity Viscaria
Will You Dance With Me Wisteria
Welcome, Youth, Poetry, Steadfast Zinnia
Lasting Affection, Rememberance Florigraphy - The study of flower meanings is an actual science known as florigraphy, and it reveals extra underlying meanings to sending or receiving flowers - subtle and secret messages can be passed through the different blooms.
History - It is believed that the flower language began in Turkey during the seventeenth century. Romantic lovers began using floral exchanges to convey emotional messages. In the Victorian era there was a rise in the popularity with this flower language. In England, dozens of dictionaries of "florigraphy" with their flower meanings were published during that period. Suitors carefully studied these guidebooks to select appropriate bouquets for their lovers and sweethearts.
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